Category: Pets

Keeping your dog safely confined when you can’t properly supervise her is important for training a puppy or acclimating a new dog to your home. When it comes down to kennels vs crates, the choice is personal for what is best for your dog, home and family. Interestingly, while dog crates and kennels are normalized here in North America, they aren’t routinely used in other parts of the world like Europe or Australia, who instead create dog-proof areas. Some people use the words kennel and crate interchangeably, however a kennel is usually a large penned in container that includes space for a bed, food and water dish, toys and pee pad while a crate is a small container just big enough for a dog to turnaround in and sleep.

What are indoor and outdoor dog kennels?

A kennel is a permanent or portable contained area that can be used to contain dogs when you aren’t home or able to supervise. Depending on the size of your dog, you can use portable exercise pens (X-pens) as kennels setup in your home. Outdoor dog kennels setup in your yard is another option. However, it’s safer to setup dog kennels indoors to prevent exposure to the elements and reduce the chance of dognapping. Dogster recommends only kenneling your dog inside the home.

Dog kennels are larger than dog crates and are typically large enough for dogs to comfortably move around making it appropriate for dogs to be left alone in them for longer periods of time. In a dog kennel, it’s important for dogs to have safe and comfortable places to sleep, water, possibly a place to eliminate such as a puppy pad if you’re using them as part as potty training and safe chews and/or enrichment toys.

Some example of exercise pens to use for indoor kennels are:

1. $139. PEIPOOS Dog Panel Pet Playpen Kennel
2. $45. Frisco 8-Panel Plastic Exercise Dog Playpen
3. $108.99. Go Pet Club Heavy Duty Wire Dog Exercise Pen

What are dog crates?

Dog crates are smaller contained enclosures generally either plastic or wire that dogs can be put into when not supervised. Many dogs come to think of their crate as a comfortable bed and safe space. The appropriate size for a dog crate is big enough for a dog to comfortably sit, stand and lay down. Dog crates can be useful for giving dogs safe places to sleep at night. Dog crates can also be beneficial with supporting puppies learning potty training. Because dog crates are small areas, they are not appropriate to leave dogs in for long periods of time (more than a few hours). Here are examples of different types of dog crates:

1. $595. Fable Medium Dog Crate
2. $99.99. Frisco Heavy Duty Enhanced Lock Double Door Fold & Carry Wire Dog Crate
3. $499.99. Moderno Dog Crate
4. $299. PetSacee Wooden Dog Crate
5. $598. Orvis Wooden End-Table Crate
6. $375-$675. Revol Dog Crate

Creating dog-proof areas

Another option for keeping your dog safely contained when they are alone is to create a dog-proofed area of you home. Instead of using a crate or kennel you can use a smaller room (depending on the size of your dog), such as a bathroom, laundry room or spare bedroom to create a specific place for your dog to stay. If you want to use a dog-proof room as a kenneling area, select a room with easily washable floors. Remove anything from the room that could be harmful to your dog or that your dog could chew. Then add in necessities to keep your dog comfortable and engaged, such as water, a bed, dog safe chews and enrichment activities. Looking to block off a room to create a dog-proof area? Here are some examples of wall mounted dog gates:

1. $71.02. Frisco Steel 3-Panel Configurable Dog Gate
2. $59.99. The Safety Mate Gate
3. $249-$298. One-Touch Pet Gate
4. $139.50. Retract-a-Gate Retractable Pet Gate

Which is better: a dog kennel or crate?

Dog crates and kennels are a great way to keep your dog from getting into things around the house that could be dangerous when you aren’t able to supervise them. Crates can also help your dog to sleep through the night and give your dog a private, safe place to be. If you need to leave your dog for extended periods of time like when you are at work, it’s best not to use a crate. Instead create a dog-proof area of your home or keep your dog in a larger kennel to provide your dog with space to comfortably move around. If you must leave your dog crated for extended periods of time, it’s essential to hire a dog walker or have a friend or family member come and visit to give your dog a break from their crate.

Help for leaving your dog at home alone

If you are struggling with leaving your dog home even safely contained in a crate or kennel, seek support form an experienced dog trainer who utilizes positive reinforcement training techniques. A trainer will be able to help you work with your dog to develop and maintain positive associations with the crate. A trainer will also be able to help you assess if your dog is struggling and might need additional support with a separation anxiety condition, which could be preventing your dog from being able to comfortably settle on their own.

Providing your dog with a crate, kennel or other safe space to be when they can’t be supervised is an important part of training. Keeping your dog safely contained can help prevent your dog from chewing your belongings or getting into things that could be harmful to her. Determining the right sort of containment is going to depend on how long you need to leave your dog, and your dog’s personality. Crates are good for short-term containment, while kennels or dog-proofed areas of the house are best if your dog will be spending an extended period of time alone.

Everything about the Weimaraner telegraphs speed, stamina and clean-cut beauty. Once seen, this striking dog is never forgotten. Here are seven fun facts about the wondrous Weimaraner.

The Weimaraner dog breed backstory

The noblemen of Weimar (today in the state of Thuringia, in modern-day Germany) were keen hunters who pursued a variety of big game, including bear, boar and deer. The original Weimar Pointers appeared in the 19th century and were valued for their versatility, superb tracking ability and courage. The nobles bred the dogs to enhance these many qualities, all in a distinctive gray package. Availability of the dogs was strictly controlled. The German Weimaraner Club was formed, with restricted membership, and only members were permitted to own and breed the dogs. Few outsiders knew much about the breed, but stories abounded touting their hunting prowess. In 1928, Howard Knight, a sportsman in New England, attempted to join the German club. He promised to protect the purity of the breed, but the club still sent him two sterilized dogs. Knight wouldn’t give up. Eventually, he was sent three females and a male puppy in 1938. Other admirers of the breed in this country joined forces with Knight. In 1942, the Weimaraner Club of America was formed, a breed standard was written and an application was submitted to the American Kennel Club for breed recognition. It was granted the same year, and the Weimaraner was exhibited for the first time at the famed Westminster Dog Show in 1943. Americans had timing in their favor, as they began importing Weims from breeders in war-torn Europe. The breed was well on its way in this country.

The Weimaraner’s signature nickname

The Weimaraner quickly developed the nickname of dogdom’s “gray ghost” for its light eyes and coat color and stealthy hunting style.

The Weimaraner as a status symbol

By the mid-1950s, the Weimaraner’s ever-growing popularity proved to be a mixed blessing. Their success as eye-catching show dogs and big-running hunters soon made them a canine status symbol. Price tags soared, often for dogs with bad temperaments and second-rate bloodlines. Many a Weim who was bought in haste ended up being offered “free to a good home.” It took a decade for the breed to rebound from this explosive over popularity, thanks to the determination of responsible breeders working with a strong gene pool.

Weimaraner Temperament

The Weimaraner is a loving, energetic hunting dog. To repeat: The Weim is energetic. Tireless. Inexhaustible. They need lots of daily exercise and prefer to do it with you. They are not an independent breed and will not be content to sit in the backyard or a kennel run by themselves for hours. You must be willing to make the time to engage with them through games and play, providing an outlet for their energy. Otherwise they are prone to separation anxiety, which in turn can result in barking, whining, howling, digging, overall destructive behavior and even injury to themselves. As beautiful, sweet and faithful as the Weimaraner is, anyone considering the breed must commit to the need for training and owner engagement. More Weimaraners are surrendered to breed rescue for separation anxiety, most likely than for any other reason.

Another flavor of the Weimaraner

While the vast majority of Weimaraners have a short, smooth and sleek coat, there is also a long-haired variety, with a silky coat and an undocked, feathered tail. They are considered quite attractive by many, and you will find breeders in the United States who produce them. Although the long-haired dogs cannot compete in American Kennel Club dog shows, they can participate in all other AKC-sanctioned events like obedience, agility and rally. Long-haired Weims are accepted in the United Kennel Club’s dog shows here in the United States, as well as in Canada and overseas. The gene is recessive, so a breeding can produce long-haired puppies only if both parents carry the trait.

Am I blue?

Weimaraners also come in a dark, smoky or charcoal color called “blue,” in addition to the familiar shades of silvery gray that earned him his nickname. Many pet owners choose one gray and one blue dog, just for fun, enjoying the contrast in color. As with the long-haired Weims, blues can compete in all AKC performance events but are not permitted in the show ring.

Famous Weimaraner owners

With the Weimaraner’s sleek silvery coat, amber eyes and clean-cut physique, it’s not surprising that the breed has been favored by presidents, royalty and celebrities over many decades. President Dwight Eisenhower was accompanied to the White House by his Weimaraner, Heidi. Princess Grace Kelly of Monaco received a Weimaraner as a wedding gift before marrying Prince Rainier III. Celebrated producer and TV host of American Bandstand, Dick Clark, had Weimaraners. Adrien Brody, Angelina Jolie, Brad Pitt, Kendall Jenner and CNN medical correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta all own Weimaraners. The most famous Weimaraner owner is photographer William Wegman, whose striking dogs have graced the pages of fashion magazines and coffee-table books, as well as calendars and greeting cards, for years. If you’ve seen a Weimaraner pictured on roller skates or wearing a Marilyn Monroe wig, it’s due to Wegman’s fertile imagination and cooperative dogs.

A snapshot of the Weimaraner dog breed:

1. Where does the Weimaraner come from?

Germany. Weimaraners were bred as a hunting dog in the early 19th century and used by royalty for hunting large game such as bear, boar and deer.

2. How did the Weimaraner get its name?

It is pronounced WHY-ma-ra-ner. The name comes from the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Karl August, whose court, located in the city of Weimar (now in the state of Thuringia in modern-day Germany), enjoyed hunting.

3. What size is the Weimaraner?

Males are typically 25 to 27 inches, and 70 to 90 pounds. Females are 23 to 25 inches, and 55 to 75 pounds.

4. What is the Weimaraner like?

Friendly, fearless, alert and obedient. Very loving and people-oriented. They want to be with you. Without this essential contact, they are prone to separation anxiety, barking and destructive behavior.

5. How active is the Weimaraner?

Very active. This breed needs frequent, vigorous exercise with his owner and must have an outlet for his energy. Lots of interactive games and play.

6. Is the Weimaraner good at any dog sports or activities?

Yes! Smart and versatile. Obedience, agility, rally, dock diving. They have webbed feet and make great water dogs.

7. Is the Weimaraner good at dog jobs?

Yes! They are great at search and rescue, detection, make fine service dogs … they really can do anything.

8. Is the Weimaraner dog breed good for first-time dog owners?

This is a large and very strong, boisterous breed. Probably not ideal for most first-time owners.

9. Is the Weimaraner a good family pet?

The best match would be active owners who like exercise and have a fenced yard. The breed has a strong, instinctive prey drive, so watch the pet cats, birds and rodents. Strong and boisterous enough to knock over toddlers. Not recommended for most seniors. Not a breed to be left alone all day; single owners and working households must consider doggie daycare or a similar arrangement.

10. Is the Weimaraner a good apartment dog?

Typically, no. A large, securely fenced yard recommended, along with plenty of walks on leash and safe, supervised, off-leash exercise.

11. How easy is it to train a Weimaraner?

The breed is very smart and learns quickly. Is it “obedient?” That’s a learned behavior that must begin at a very young age. Obedience classes in a group setting are recommended to instill confidence in the owner and teach the dog to work with distractions.

12. Is the Weimaraner given to excessive barking?

He can be, without appropriate training. Barking is a sign of boredom and, if ignored, can lead to destructive behavior and separation anxiety.

13. Does the Weimaraner make a good traveler?

Yes, when training begins early. Crate training is essential for safe car and air travel, hotel/motel stays, overnight visits to the vet, etc.

14. Is the Weimaraner easy to groom?

Yes! Occasional brushing to remove loose hair, plus regular nail cutting, and cleaning of ears and teeth. Be prepared for seasonal shedding.

15. How popular is the Weimaraner?

No. 40 in the American Kennel Club list of most popular breeds (there are 200 AKC-recognized breeds in all) in 2021, based on annual registrations.

All dogs pant. Many times it just means they’re hot.

California-based dog trainer Ash Miner, a certified trick dog instructor (CTDI) working on a master’s degree in animal behavior, says panting is the best method dogs have to disperse heat considering they can only truly sweat through glands located in their paw pads.

But there are other reasons dogs pant.

Why do dogs pant so much?

Dogs pant when they’re hot and tired. They pant to disperse heat by expelling the trapped hot air inside their bodies and breathing in the cooler air around them.

It is normal for dogs to pant. In fact, Ash says that a dog who can’t pant well may have airway issues or lung issues that should be looked at by a veterinarian.

In addition to physical exhaustion from activity and exercise, the panting can also result from mental exhaustion — like stress. It can also mean your dog is excited.

Dogs may pant when they are deep in play. Ash says that although dogs don’t start out panting at the beginning of play, they can pant after some exertion. She says sometimes they will even freeze and close their mouths to begin a game of “pounce” or “chicken.” But after a while, they start panting.

There are also medical reasons that dogs pant. Dogs who get car sick may pant before vomiting. Panting can also signal that a dog is in pain. For example, dogs with arthritis may pant from feeling pain in their joints, according to Ash. Other conditions include respiratory issues and heart failure.

Heavy panting in dogs can also indicate a serious and immediate condition like heatstroke.

Normal panting vs. heavy panting

Though panting is normal and healthy in dogs in many cases, there is also abnormal panting that can indicate a problem.

Ash says normal panting is:

• A consistent, even breathing speed
• The dog’s eyes are squinting.
• The face is relaxed.
• The dog’s lips are pulled back into a smile in order to widen the mouth for maximum heat expulsion.
• The dog’s ribcage moves, which may cause his entire body to move.

Beyond normal panting, heavier breathing may mean there is a problem that needs attention.

Ash says signs of heavy panting can often be spotted in the tongue.

• If the tongue is in a fairly normal position, this is light panting.
• If the tongue is moving aimlessly out of the dog’s mouth, this is moderate panting.
• If the tongue tip is widened, this is heavy panting.
• If the tip of the tongue curls back up on itself, this is a possible sign of heatstroke and the dog should be given cool (not cold or warm) water to drink right away and taken to a cool place, preferably with air conditioning.

What should I do when my dog pants?

Generally speaking, panting in dogs is a pretty normal occurrence to help them cool down, but there are times when it can signify a deeper issue like stress, pain or a medical condition.

If your dog’s face is relaxed, his breathing is even and his tongue is normally positioned in his mouth, this is all typical panting. Offer him some water and keep him in a cool location out of the sun if you see his tongue flopping out of his mouth because this is moderate panting.

However, if the tip of your dog’s tongue curls back on itself while out playing in the sun, he could be having heatstroke and he needs to drink cool water right away and possibly taken to the vet.

Also, if you start seeing your dog panting more than usual, it could be a sign of pain or a medical condition that may require veterinary assistance as well.

Does your dog dig every chance she gets? Digging is a behavior that many dog owners find frustrating, but the behavior is extremely natural for dogs. To change your dog’s behavior and train your dog to stop digging under the fence requires making sure your dog’s enrichment needs are being met. You’ll also want to teach your dog new habits and behaviors while they are spending time in the yard.

Why is my dog digging holes?

Some dog owners may become surprised when suddenly, their dog starts digging. Dogs dig for a variety of reasons. The most common reason is boredom. Especially in warm weather, dogs may dig to get to a cool patch of sand or dirt to make themselves more comfortable. Many dogs also engage in digging behavior as part of natural hunting instincts. Dogs with a strong prey drive will often dig as a means of chasing/hunting rodents or even bugs. Your dog may also dig to gain access to something that seems more interesting on the other side of the fence like another dog.

How to train a dog to stop digging

Teaching your dog to stop digging holes requires patience and consistency. Digging is fun for dogs so it can quickly become a self-rewarding habit. The best way to stop your dog from digging is to reduce the number of opportunities your dog can practice the digging behavior in unwanted areas.

There are five main ways to teach your dog to stop digging:

1. Supervision — The most effective way to train a dog to stop digging in your yard is to provide supervision even if you have a fully fenced yard. Instead of just opening the back door and letting your dog out to play or potty, go outside with your dog. Dogs who are bored or under stimulated will often look for activities to entertain themselves, which for many dogs will be digging.
2. Redirection — Dogs are going to be curious about the environment around them, which can lead to digging behaviors. If you see your dog starting to paw at the ground, use positive reinforcement approaches to redirect your dog and encourage him to do something else. To do this, get your dog’s attention with treats or toys, and then engage your dog in a different activity like playing tug or chase with a toy.
3. Enrichment — Provide enrichment opportunities for your dog in your yard. Many dogs dig for lack of anything else to do; it alleviates boredom. When your dog is in the yard encourage him to engage in other activities, such as playing with toys, practicing tricks or other skills. You can also use food dispensing puzzles or balls to help your dog play independently in the yard. Another option is to provide your dog with a dog-safe chew if you’re going to be spending time together outside, but won’t be able to engage your dog actively in play because you’re grilling, gardening or visiting with friends and family.
4. Deterrents to digging — Even if your dog is just showing signs that he enjoys digging in your yard, it can be helpful to set up physical deterrents to digging. Place barriers in your yard, such as exercise pens, to prevent your dog’s access to his digging spot. You can also use environmental deterrents like adding rocks to your fence line and other popular digging areas. This, along with supervision and increasing enrichment can help your dog make choices that don’t include digging.
5. Make a safe dig space — One of the best ways to train a dog to stop digging in certain areas is to provide an appropriate place to dig in your yard, such as building a sandbox or designating a corner of your yard for digging. If your dog starts to dig in an area other than where digging is allowed, gently get his attention and lead him to the digging area. Encourage appropriate digging by hiding toys. Alternately, bring your dog-to-dog friendly beaches and encourage digging in the sand.

How to stop a dog digging under a fence

Dog owners often realize their dog has a digging problem when he starts digging under the fence and escaping. Digging under a fence can be especially concerning as it’s an easy way for dogs to get out of their yards, which can lead to getting lost, stolen, injured or even killed.

One way to deter your dog from digging is to pile large rocks along the fence or use cinderblocks to line the interior of your fence. This barrier alone deters some dogs from wanting to dig.

Another option is to bury chain link fencing or chicken wire at the base of your fence. This adds an extra layer of security to your yard and deters your dog from trying to dig under. However, some dogs will continue to dig deeper until they reach the end of the chain fencing. Supervision is the easiest way to prevent a dog from digging under a fence. Never leave your dog unattended in your yard, especially if you know that your dog has an interest in digging. If you see your dog investigating the fence, or starting to dig, get your dog’s attention with treats or toys and redirect your dog to other activities. Don’t punish your dog for digging. Dogs learn best through positive reinforcement approaches and punishing your dog for digging can lead to your dog attempting to hide the behavior from you, making it harder to redirect.

If your dog’s vomit is black or dark red, there could be a problem in need of immediate medical attention. Black is the most concerning color your dog can vomit. When there is bleeding inside your dog’s digestive tract, it appears as black or brown in color, with a coffee ground texture. This is cause for concern and warrants a call to your veterinarian right away. The most common cause of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract is ulceration of the stomach or intestine. Your dog could also have cancer along the gastrointestinal tract or have had recent trauma.

Other symptoms in dogs of a gastrointestinal ulcer may include:

• Anemia. This is due to blood loss and may cause your dog to be tired and have pale colored gums.
• Low or no appetite. Ulcers are painful and often make dogs feel nauseated. If left untreated, many dogs will have a decreased appetite along with weight loss.
• Drooling. Nausea caused by the ulcer will often cause a dog to drool.
• Fever. Some dogs may experience a fever. However, having a fever doesn’t necessarily mean your dog has an ulcer.

What causes stomach ulcers in dogs?

Stomach ulcers can be caused by many factors, however, here are the most common causes:

• NSAIDs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories like carprofen, meloxicam, piroxicam and deracoxib are great pain and inflammation reducers. Rarely, these medications can cause ulcers of the stomach and intestines. This occurs because these drugs decrease prostaglandins of the digestive tract that help protect the gut lining. This risk is increased when NSAIDS are prescribed with steroids like prednisone and dexamethasone.
• Steroids. Less commonly, steroids like prednisone and dexamethasone can also cause ulcers in a similar way compared with NSAIDs. It’s important that these two classifications of drugs not be administered together.
• Human NSAIDs. Drugs such as Advil (ibuprofen) and Aleve (naproxen) are very toxic to dogs and can cause ulcers along with kidney failure. These should not be given to dogs under any circumstances. If your dog consumes your pain-relieving medication, see a veterinarian right away.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Dogs with IBD often have chronic vomiting or diarrhea due to the inflammation in the lining of their digestive tract. This can progress to bleeding ulcers of the stomach or intestines.
• Cancer. Certain types of tumors, such as mast cell tumors (MCT) and certain tumors of the pancreas, can cause ulcers in the digestive tract.
• Elite Athletes. Dogs that participate in high-intensity performance sports like sled dogs have a much higher risk of developing ulcers in their stomach or intestines.

How to prevent stomach ulcers in dogs

If the thought of your dog having a bleeding stomach ulcer scares you, you may be wondering how you might prevent these medical nightmares from happening. Here are a few tips:

• Talk to your veterinarian about the side effects of any drug you give your dog. Ask if ulcers are a possible side effect.
• If your dog is taking steroids or NSAIDs and begins to vomit, call your veterinarian immediately. It’s important to stop administering NSAIDs immediately. You should speak with your veterinarian before stopping steroids as the safest option may be to slowly discontinue them.
• Lock up medications. Dogs are notorious for consuming entire bottles of their own medication or even their human’s medication. Save your dog the risk and keep them out of reach.

How to treat stomach ulcers in dogs

The good news is that ulcers of the digestive system are very often treatable. Treatment is usually given for several weeks to a month. Here is a typical treatment plan for a dog with stomach or intestinal ulcers:

• Discontinue some drugs. If your pup’s ulcer was caused by steroids or NSAIDs, these drugs will be discontinued. These drugs will likely not be recommended again for the life of your dog. Be sure to tell future veterinarians about these ulcers even after they have healed.
• Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI). This drug helps reduce acid in your dog’s stomach and can help heal ulcers.
• H₂ Blockers. These also reduce stomach acid but work more immediately and in different ways compared to PPIs.
• Sucralfate. This drug comes in pill form and is made into a liquid slurry and then given to your dog by mouth. It acts as a bandage for the ulcer while enhancing the healing process. It is given 1 hour before a meal or 2 hours after a meal. While this drug might be messy and inconvenient, it’s a very important part of healing ulcers.
• Antibiotics. If your veterinarian suspects that there is a bacterial cause or component to your dog’s ulcers, they may add 1 to 2 antibiotics to aid in healing.

While it may feel like these are a lot of medications to administer, using all the prescribed medications for the entire duration of your dog’s treatment plan is important to heal the ulcer completely. If you are struggling to get your dog to take medications, reach out to your veterinarian for support. There may be simple adjustments that can be made to help ease the medication administration process.

Why is my dog throwing up red vomit?

If you see red in your dog’s vomit, it’s important to notice the amount of red material. If the vomit is laced with small amounts of bright red looking liquid, this is most likely due to small blood vessels breaking in the esophagus or back of the throat. This is because vomiting can be traumatic to the tissues and can cause ruptures in these small blood vessels. Seeing this once or twice is nothing to be worried about.

Regular vomiting with red blood or vomiting large amounts of blood is alarming. When in doubt, snap a picture and text or email your veterinarian. Your veterinarian can help to determine if medical care is needed.

When to call your veterinarian when your dog is throwing up

It may be difficult to know when you should call or see your veterinarian. Here is a list of red flags:

• Black coffee grounds appearance of vomit
• Regular bright red blood in vomit
• Large amounts of blood in vomit
• Uncontrolled vomiting
• Vomiting accompanied by diarrhea
• Dullness and lethargy

If you see your dog vomit a strange color including black or red, consider what they might have consumed before you panic. Here is a list of things besides blood that could create these colors:

• Some fruits. Blueberries, blackberries, strawberries and raspberries.
• This warrants a trip to the veterinarian for other reasons!
• Chocolate cake. Like coffee, if your dog eats chocolate cake give your veterinarian a call.
• Food coloring.
• Crayons, markers and pens. While crayons are usually digestible, the casing of pens and markers can be problematic. Consult with your veterinarian about the best plan to monitor your dog for the next 2 to 3 days should this happen.

Whether your pup’s black or dark red vomit is an emergency or not, it can be stressful and scary! It may feel hard to stay calm and think clearly. Be sure that you have established a relationship with a veterinarian while your dog is well, so as to better facilitate a plan if and when your dog becomes emergently sick. If you are ever in doubt as to whether your dog’s vomiting is benign or something more serious, I always support reaching out to your dedicated veterinary support team! Take pictures of the vomit, keep a log of how often, and for how long, it’s been happening. If you’re still concerned or confused, asking more questions is always right. After all, you are your dog’s best and most important advocate!

Can dogs really be low maintenance? Likewise, are some dog breeds truly high maintenance? Yes and yes — although some of the reasons may surprise you. Here are some helpful factors to consider, along with a list of breeds that are generally the best low maintenance dogs to consider as your next best bud.

First, what makes a dog low maintenance?

Honestly, this question makes many experts chuckle! There’s no such thing as a one-size-fits-all, low maintenance dog — that was the first reaction from Dr. Bruce F. Smith, professor at Auburn University’s College of Veterinary Medicine. It can be a trick question, considering the wide range of dog breeds.

But the more he thought about it, Dr. Smith agrees that some dogs are definitely easier to care for than others. There are a lot of helpful generalizations that can guide us toward certain breeds.

But perhaps the most important key to finding the perfect pup? Evaluating your own lifestyle to find the most compatible companion to fit into your daily routine.

What makes the best low-maintenance dog?

Thinking about your future furry friend is a great sign because it means you’re taking your commitment seriously. When you evaluate dogs in terms of low (or high) maintenance, what you’re really thinking about is their care — how much time, energy and effort you can honestly put into the relationship.

Here are three criteria to keep in mind:

• Grooming needs, which depends on the breed.
• Health issues, which can be very breed specific. Dr. Smith recommends researching the breeds you’re considering to determine known health issues, having dogs tested for inherited traits and asking about dogs’ family histories. Health issues can be unknown with dog adoptions, rescues and mixed breeds, but Dr. Smith says a veterinarian’s exam can provide expert insight into possible breeding clues and characteristics.
• Energy level is a big factor — for you and your future furry friend. Are you an active, outdoor-oriented person hoping for a walking, hiking or running companion? Or are you a happy homebody with a WFH lifestyle, seeking a pup to match? Consider your lifestyle and search for a dog that will compliment — not stretch or restrict — you.

Does low maintenance mean dogs never need exercise, playtime or daily walks?

Absolutely not, says Dr. Smith. He runs through the minimum interactions that adult dogs need, noting that puppies’ needs are much higher:

• Bathroom breaks, at least three or four times, daily. Most dogs need to go out first thing in the morning, when you get home from work, and before going to bed for the night — at a minimum.
• At least one daily meal. Talk to your veterinarian about your dog’s specific requirements, but Dr. Smith says using a high-quality kibble can result in much smaller fecal volumes — which means another low-maintenance perk: less poop!
• Free-choice water, meaning it is always available to your dog. Water should be changed every 6 to 12 hours.
• Daily grooming that averages 10 minutes per day.
• At least 30 minutes of daily exercise, which could include walking around the block, chasing a ball or romping at the dog park.
• And at least 30 minutes of daily social interaction. Most dogs are happiest when living with their pack, which includes their humans. That means most dogs should live in the house — not kept in a kennel or outside run.

All things considered, if these minimums seem too relaxed, then your ideal pup may actually be a social, playful and active dog on the high maintenance side.

What are high-maintenance dogs?

Generally, Dr. Smith says high maintenance dogs can be defined as high energy dogs that look to their humans for a lot of interaction. In other words, they require attention.

Several breeds (or mixes of these breeds) that come to mind are:

These active, intelligent dogs love to have jobs. As a result, if you leave the house for work every day, chances are they’d love to join you! Since they thrive on activity and stimulation, they wouldn’t be happy about being cooped up in the house all day. These breeds need a job and Dr. Smith says if they don’t have one, they’ll create one — even if that involves herding your furniture, the cat or the neighbor’s children!

Ok, which dog breeds are known for being low maintenance and why?

• Small dogs. In general, smaller dogs with short coats are usually the first dogs that come to mind, and Dr. Smith confirms that’s often true. Additionally, small breeds can require less living space, which means they’re better suited to apartment lifestyles.
• Poodles are one of the most popular low-maintenance dog breeds because their hair sheds less than other dog breeds and they are highly trainable and intelligent. But Dr. Smith reminds potential Poodle parents that their pups still need to be groomed regularly, and larger Poodle varieties need a significant amount of exercise and mental stimulation, or they may not seem so low-maintance.
• Oodles — designer dogs that are part Poodle — include Cavapoos, Bernadoodles, and Cockapoos. One of the reasons they’re so popular (besides being cute) is that, thanks to their Poodle parent, their fur sheds less, which can be beneficial to people who suffer from allergies. However, being part Poodle means they have a combination of both energy and intelligence, which means your individual Oodle, specifically Labradoodles, Goldendoodles and Aussiedoodles, could be more high-rather than low maintenance.
• Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are considered one of the friendliest and calmest dog breeds, and they’re also small — low maintenance characteristics.
• Maltese are gentle, quiet dogs whose fur sheds less than most. Dogs who bark less frequently can be one way to define low maintenance!
• Greyhounds, says Dr. Smith, may seem like a surprising example of a low maintenance dog given their size, but their couch potato reputation lands them squarely on this list! A typical adult Greyhound, Dr. Smith describes, runs like the wind for 30 minutes, eats and socializes for 30 minutes, then snoozes for the other 23 hours.
• Italian Greyhounds and Whippets may require even less exercise than their Greyhound cousins, says Dr. Smith.

Now, here’s a wild card. Amy Kaunas, executive director of Pennsylvania’s Humane Society of Harrisburg Area encourages pet parents to consider dogs up for adoption at local animal shelters and rescues. While some of their breeds may be identified, others are a mystery. But her advice is not to focus on breeds, but to prioritize lifestyle and companionship.

Amy says that while her organization has a rigorous adoption process — which she admits, earns some negative feedback — it ultimately results in fewer dogs bouncing back to the shelter. Instead, knowledgeable adoption counselors guide good matchmaking between pups and parents.

Are small dogs lower maintenance than big dogs?

Although many small dogs are indeed lower maintenance, there are exceptions to every rule. Here are a few examples.

Brachiocephalic (or short nosed) dogs like the French Bulldog and Boston Terrier are often considered low maintenance dogs, Dr. Smith says, because they are smaller and have short hair. However, he advises potential pup parents to consult with their veterinarian and breeder first, because their compressed face structure can lead to lifelong health problems.

Can training help a dog become low maintenance?

Personality and training both play a role in a dog’s maintenance level. Easy-going, calm breeds tend to show less separation anxiety when they’re left alone for periods of time. And many dogs can be trained to handle longer periods of time alone.

Training, says Dr. Smith, is important for several reasons:

• It makes a dog more responsive to the owner — and therefore more pleasant to be around.
• Training provides structured social interaction and reinforces who the pack leader is.
• And training can be used to address specific issues.

Let’s be honest: Is a low maintenance dog a good fit for everyone?

It is absolutely possible to work full time and have a low maintenance, stay-at-home dog, says Dr. Smith. However, he reminds pet parents that a pup may impact your ability to work extra hours, go out for drinks afterward, lead an active social life or travel frequently. In these cases, a low maintenance dog will probably require more attention than you have time to give. And if you come to that realization, Amy says you may actually be in the market for a furry friend of a different kind — a cat!

In summary, there are many choices and factors when it comes to finding a fur-ever friend. A low-maintenance dog is the key for many people, while others are better matched with high-maintenance breeds. Ultimately, the most important sign of success is a rewarding relationship with your pup. And one more factor sweetens the deal — Dr. Smith reminds us that people lead healthier lives, with lower blood pressure and longer lifespans, when a dog is by their side.

Finding out that your dog has elbow dysplasia can feel absolutely devastating. Elbow dysplasia in dogs is hereditary, abnormal development of the elbow joint causing malalignment of the forelimb bones. Even if you don’t know exactly what elbow dysplasia looks like in your dog, you likely know that it’s incurable and can greatly impact your dog’s life. Understanding which dogs are more susceptible to elbow dysplasia, as well as symptoms, diagnostics and treatment options, will help you identify what’s happening with your dog more quickly, therefore changing their life expectancy and overall quality of life!

Some dog breeds have a higher risk for elbow dysplasia

Educating yourself on which breeds are more susceptible to elbow dysplasia can be especially helpful during your initial search for the perfect dog. This information may veer you away from certain breeds, or change the medical criteria that you request before bringing your new family member home, such as requesting pre-adoption x-rays. These considerations should be processed with your lifestyle in mind, including what activities you’d like to share with your pup. Do you need your dog to be extremely active and agile? Are you comfortable with the possibility of this diagnosis? Will your pup be a working dog? How will this diagnosis change the way you and your dog live life together, and will the potential financial burden of this disease be manageable within your pet parent budget? Below is a list of breeds who are considered higher risk for elbow dysplasia:

• German Shepherd Dogs
• Labrador Retrievers
• Rottweilers
• Golden Retrievers
• Bernese Mountain Dogs
• Newfoundlands

Elbow dysplasia is a hereditary disease and medium to large breed dogs are more prone than smaller breeds. Dogs who become affected with this condition will likely display symptoms before their first birthday, meaning this is not a disease specific to senior dogs.

Signs of elbow dysplasia in dogs

In order to understand the signs and symptoms of elbow dysplasia, it’s important to understand what happens to dogs with elbow dysplasia. Dogs with elbow dysplasia have abnormal pressure on the joint and wear and tear of the cartilage (cushion for the joint), which results in severe osteoarthritis. More often than not, both elbows are affected with this disease. Signs of elbow dysplasia in dogs include:

• The most common symptom for elbow dysplasia includes forelimb lameness or limping (the elbow joints are located on a dog’s front legs.) While some forelimb lameness will be easy to identify, subtle forelimb lameness can be trickier.
• Forelimb lameness will often be accompanied with some amount of head bobbing. This lameness may be more present after your dog has been physically active or gets up from sleeping.
• Low tolerance for long walks or high endurance exercise such as running or hiking.
• Reduced range of motion or flexibility at the elbow joint
• Dog experiences pain upon orthopedic examination
• Dog appears “stiff” when walking or getting up

If you are noticing these symptoms, have your pup seen by his veterinarian to determine next-steps.

Diagnosing elbow dysplasia in dogs

If your veterinarian suspects elbow dysplasia in your dog, there will be a couple diagnostics that take place before a formal diagnosis can be made. These are:

1. Examination

The first diagnostic for symptoms associated with elbow dysplasia will almost always be a physical and orthopedic exam. During an orthopedic exam, your dog’s veterinarian will assess your dog’s flexion and extension capacity at each joint, looking for pain, swelling or loss of range of motion. This assessment should always be performed by a veterinarian! She may also perform a gait analysis, which includes watching the way your dog walks both away and toward your veterinarian.

2. Radiographic imaging

Once a thorough physical and orthopedic examination has been performed on your dog, and if elbow dysplasia is still suspected, your veterinarian will proceed with radiographic imaging. An X-ray can be performed while your pup is awake during the exam visit or your dog may require a mild sedation for proper positioning. Depending, your veterinarian may send the imaging to a board certified veterinary radiologist for diagnosis confirmation.

3. CT scan

Some types of elbow dysplasia may require further testing, including a CT (computed tomography) scan. This procedure collects a series of radiographs and then uses computer processing to provide in-depth information that is far more advanced than a standard radiograph. A CT scan will be significantly more expensive than radiographic imaging, usually costing between $1,500 and $2,000.

How to manage elbow dysplasia in dogs

There is no formal “cure” for elbow dysplasia. However, even though there’s no elbow dysplasia treatment, there are many non-surgical ways that you can support your pup in managing the disease. Here are four of them:

1. Therapeutic modalities

Modalities such as acupuncture, massage, laser or ultrasound therapy can help with primary and compensatory pain associated with your pup’s elbow dysplasia. In other words, these modalities help with identifying areas of the body that your pup may be overworking in order to compensate for his elbow pain, and aid in keeping the whole body sound and healthy.

Some ways that these elbow dysplasia therapeutic modalities help include:

• Identifying and reducing areas of inflammation
• Decreasing discomfort
• Providing improved flexibility and range of motion
• Increasing blood circulation and nutrients to muscles
• Reducing muscle wasting and atrophy

Many veterinary practitioners will offer one or more of the above modalities in their clinic. Additionally, there are many mobile practitioners popping up around the country who offer these services in the pet and pet parent’s home. Websites such as the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association have search engines specifically for finding a practitioner in your town!

2. Hydrotherapy

Hydrotherapy is an excellent, low-impact exercise for dogs with elbow dysplasia! This is easily one of the least painful options for exercising these pups, and can be an excellent way to boost mental health for water dogs who enjoy swimming! Hydrotherapy helps to maintain strong and healthy muscle tone and reduces the onset of muscle wasting. It also improves range of motion and flexibility. Hydrotherapy options include dog pools, whirlpools or underwater treadmills.

3. Weight management

Weight management is critical for all dogs suffering from joint disease, including elbow dysplasia. Minimizing extra weight on the affected elbow joints is a relatively easy way to reduce pain and slow down the onset of joint degeneration and osteoarthritis.

Incorporating a manageable exercise routine that works well for your dog will be an important aspect to weight management. Exercising dogs with elbow dysplasia will vary depending on the severity of each dog’s case, overall health, experiences they find enjoyable and the pet parent’s own exercise tolerance and lifestyle. Even short walks twice daily are helpful in keeping extra weight off.

Monitoring caloric intake is another key component to weight management. Trading commercial treats for dehydrated vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes and green beans is a great way to implement low-fat, healthy treats into your pup’s daily routine. If your dog is highly food motivated, consider a food puzzle for dinner time, or even freezing their dinner in a Petsafe Chilly Penguin Freezable Treat Holder or Toppl for increased entertainment and mealtime longevity.

4. Diet therapy

While there are no specific diets to prevent or treat elbow dysplasia, certain diets are better than others for dogs with elbow dysplasia!

According to holistic veterinarian and Certified Canine Rehabilitation Therapist, Dr. Angie Krause, diets high in omegas are best for dogs with elbow dysplasia. Additionally, less processed diets will potentially reduce systemic inflammation, which is paramount for dogs suffering from joint disease. High-processed diets include kibble, whereas alternatives include canned food or even AAFCO balanced raw and home-cooked diets. High omega diets include salmon, anchovies or sardines.

Your dog did not develop elbow dysplasia because of anything you did wrong or incorrectly! This is a hereditary disease that was caused by genetic factors. You cannot change your dog’s diagnosis, but you can change the course of his life through careful monitoring and lifestyle adaptations.

Can dogs really be low maintenance? Likewise, are some dog breeds truly high maintenance? Yes and yes — although some of the reasons may surprise you. Here are some helpful factors to consider, along with a list of breeds that are generally the best low maintenance dogs to consider as your next best bud.

First, what makes a dog low maintenance?

Honestly, this question makes many experts chuckle! There’s no such thing as a one-size-fits-all, low maintenance dog — that was the first reaction from Dr. Bruce F. Smith, professor at Auburn University’s College of Veterinary Medicine. It can be a trick question, considering the wide range of dog breeds.

But the more he thought about it, Dr. Smith agrees that some dogs are definitely easier to care for than others. There are a lot of helpful generalizations that can guide us toward certain breeds.

But perhaps the most important key to finding the perfect pup? Evaluating your own lifestyle to find the most compatible companion to fit into your daily routine.

What makes the best low-maintenance dog?

Thinking about your future furry friend is a great sign because it means you’re taking your commitment seriously. When you evaluate dogs in terms of low (or high) maintenance, what you’re really thinking about is their care — how much time, energy and effort you can honestly put into the relationship.

Here are three criteria to keep in mind:

• Grooming needs, which depends on the breed.
• Health issues, which can be very breed specific. Dr. Smith recommends researching the breeds you’re considering to determine known health issues, having dogs tested for inherited traits and asking about dogs’ family histories. Health issues can be unknown with dog adoptions, rescues and mixed breeds, but Dr. Smith says a veterinarian’s exam can provide expert insight into possible breeding clues and characteristics.
• Energy level is a big factor — for you and your future furry friend. Are you an active, outdoor-oriented person hoping for a walking, hiking or running companion? Or are you a happy homebody with a WFH lifestyle, seeking a pup to match? Consider your lifestyle and search for a dog that will compliment — not stretch or restrict — you.

Does low maintenance mean dogs never need exercise, playtime or daily walks?

Absolutely not, says Dr. Smith. He runs through the minimum interactions that adult dogs need, noting that puppies’ needs are much higher:

• Bathroom breaks, at least three or four times, daily. Most dogs need to go out first thing in the morning, when you get home from work, and before going to bed for the night — at a minimum.
• At least one daily meal. Talk to your veterinarian about your dog’s specific requirements, but Dr. Smith says using a high-quality kibble can result in much smaller fecal volumes — which means another low-maintenance perk: less poop!
• Free-choice water, meaning it is always available to your dog. Water should be changed every 6 to 12 hours.
• Daily grooming that averages 10 minutes per day.
• At least 30 minutes of daily exercise, which could include walking around the block, chasing a ball or romping at the dog park.
• And at least 30 minutes of daily social interaction. Most dogs are happiest when living with their pack, which includes their humans. That means most dogs should live in the house — not kept in a kennel or outside run.

All things considered, if these minimums seem too relaxed, then your ideal pup may actually be a social, playful and active dog on the high maintenance side.

What are high-maintenance dogs?

Generally, Dr. Smith says high maintenance dogs can be defined as high energy dogs that look to their humans for a lot of interaction. In other words, they require attention.

Several breeds (or mixes of these breeds) that come to mind are:

These active, intelligent dogs love to have jobs. As a result, if you leave the house for work every day, chances are they’d love to join you! Since they thrive on activity and stimulation, they wouldn’t be happy about being cooped up in the house all day. These breeds need a job and Dr. Smith says if they don’t have one, they’ll create one — even if that involves herding your furniture, the cat or the neighbor’s children!

Ok, which dog breeds are known for being low maintenance and why?

• Small dogs. In general, smaller dogs with short coats are usually the first dogs that come to mind, and Dr. Smith confirms that’s often true. Additionally, small breeds can require less living space, which means they’re better suited to apartment lifestyles.
• Poodles are one of the most popular low-maintenance dog breeds because their hair sheds less than other dog breeds and they are highly trainable and intelligent. But Dr. Smith reminds potential Poodle parents that their pups still need to be groomed regularly, and larger Poodle varieties need a significant amount of exercise and mental stimulation, or they may not seem so low-maintance.
• Oodles — designer dogs that are part Poodle — include Cavapoos, Bernadoodles, and Cockapoos. One of the reasons they’re so popular (besides being cute) is that, thanks to their Poodle parent, their fur sheds less, which can be beneficial to people who suffer from allergies. However, being part Poodle means they have a combination of both energy and intelligence, which means your individual Oodle, specifically Labradoodles, Goldendoodles and Aussiedoodles, could be more high-rather than low maintenance.
• Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are considered one of the friendliest and calmest dog breeds, and they’re also small — low maintenance characteristics.
• Maltese are gentle, quiet dogs whose fur sheds less than most. Dogs who bark less frequently can be one way to define low maintenance!
• Greyhounds, says Dr. Smith, may seem like a surprising example of a low maintenance dog given their size, but their couch potato reputation lands them squarely on this list! A typical adult Greyhound, Dr. Smith describes, runs like the wind for 30 minutes, eats and socializes for 30 minutes, then snoozes for the other 23 hours.
• Italian Greyhounds and Whippets may require even less exercise than their Greyhound cousins, says Dr. Smith.

Now, here’s a wild card. Amy Kaunas, executive director of Pennsylvania’s Humane Society of Harrisburg Area encourages pet parents to consider dogs up for adoption at local animal shelters and rescues. While some of their breeds may be identified, others are a mystery. But her advice is not to focus on breeds, but to prioritize lifestyle and companionship.

Amy says that while her organization has a rigorous adoption process — which she admits, earns some negative feedback — it ultimately results in fewer dogs bouncing back to the shelter. Instead, knowledgeable adoption counselors guide good matchmaking between pups and parents.

Are small dogs lower maintenance than big dogs?

Although many small dogs are indeed lower maintenance, there are exceptions to every rule. Here are a few examples.

Brachiocephalic (or short nosed) dogs like the French Bulldog and Boston Terrier are often considered low maintenance dogs, Dr. Smith says, because they are smaller and have short hair. However, he advises potential pup parents to consult with their veterinarian and breeder first, because their compressed face structure can lead to lifelong health problems.

Can training help a dog become low maintenance?

Personality and training both play a role in a dog’s maintenance level. Easy-going, calm breeds tend to show less separation anxiety when they’re left alone for periods of time. And many dogs can be trained to handle longer periods of time alone.

Training, says Dr. Smith, is important for several reasons:

• It makes a dog more responsive to the owner — and therefore more pleasant to be around.
• Training provides structured social interaction and reinforces who the pack leader is.
• And training can be used to address specific issues.

Let’s be honest: Is a low maintenance dog a good fit for everyone?

It is absolutely possible to work full time and have a low maintenance, stay-at-home dog, says Dr. Smith. However, he reminds pet parents that a pup may impact your ability to work extra hours, go out for drinks afterward, lead an active social life or travel frequently. In these cases, a low maintenance dog will probably require more attention than you have time to give. And if you come to that realization, Amy says you may actually be in the market for a furry friend of a different kind — a cat!

In summary, there are many choices and factors when it comes to finding a fur-ever friend. A low-maintenance dog is the key for many people, while others are better matched with high-maintenance breeds. Ultimately, the most important sign of success is a rewarding relationship with your pup. And one more factor sweetens the deal — Dr. Smith reminds us that people lead healthier lives, with lower blood pressure and longer lifespans, when a dog is by their side.

If your dog’s vomit is black or dark red, there could be a problem in need of immediate medical attention. Black is the most concerning color your dog can vomit. When there is bleeding inside your dog’s digestive tract, it appears as black or brown in color, with a coffee ground texture. This is cause for concern and warrants a call to your veterinarian right away. The most common cause of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract is ulceration of the stomach or intestine. Your dog could also have cancer along the gastrointestinal tract or have had recent trauma.

Other symptoms in dogs of a gastrointestinal ulcer may include:

• Anemia. This is due to blood loss and may cause your dog to be tired and have pale colored gums.
• Low or no appetite. Ulcers are painful and often make dogs feel nauseated. If left untreated, many dogs will have a decreased appetite along with weight loss.
• Drooling. Nausea caused by the ulcer will often cause a dog to drool.
• Fever. Some dogs may experience a fever. However, having a fever doesn’t necessarily mean your dog has an ulcer.

What causes stomach ulcers in dogs?

Stomach ulcers can be caused by many factors, however, here are the most common causes:

• NSAIDs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories like carprofen, meloxicam, piroxicam and deracoxib are great pain and inflammation reducers. Rarely, these medications can cause ulcers of the stomach and intestines. This occurs because these drugs decrease prostaglandins of the digestive tract that help protect the gut lining. This risk is increased when NSAIDS are prescribed with steroids like prednisone and dexamethasone.
• Steroids. Less commonly, steroids like prednisone and dexamethasone can also cause ulcers in a similar way compared with NSAIDs. It’s important that these two classifications of drugs not be administered together.
• Human NSAIDs. Drugs such as Advil (ibuprofen) and Aleve (naproxen) are very toxic to dogs and can cause ulcers along with kidney failure. These should not be given to dogs under any circumstances. If your dog consumes your pain-relieving medication, see a veterinarian right away.
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Dogs with IBD often have chronic vomiting or diarrhea due to the inflammation in the lining of their digestive tract. This can progress to bleeding ulcers of the stomach or intestines.
• Cancer. Certain types of tumors, such as mast cell tumors (MCT) and certain tumors of the pancreas, can cause ulcers in the digestive tract.
• Elite Athletes. Dogs that participate in high-intensity performance sports like sled dogs have a much higher risk of developing ulcers in their stomach or intestines.

How to prevent stomach ulcers in dogs

If the thought of your dog having a bleeding stomach ulcer scares you, you may be wondering how you might prevent these medical nightmares from happening. Here are a few tips:

• Talk to your veterinarian about the side effects of any drug you give your dog. Ask if ulcers are a possible side effect.
• If your dog is taking steroids or NSAIDs and begins to vomit, call your veterinarian immediately. It’s important to stop administering NSAIDs immediately. You should speak with your veterinarian before stopping steroids as the safest option may be to slowly discontinue them.
• Lock up medications. Dogs are notorious for consuming entire bottles of their own medication or even their human’s medication. Save your dog the risk and keep them out of reach.

How to treat stomach ulcers in dogs

The good news is that ulcers of the digestive system are very often treatable. Treatment is usually given for several weeks to a month. Here is a typical treatment plan for a dog with stomach or intestinal ulcers:

• Discontinue some drugs. If your pup’s ulcer was caused by steroids or NSAIDs, these drugs will be discontinued. These drugs will likely not be recommended again for the life of your dog. Be sure to tell future veterinarians about these ulcers even after they have healed.
• Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI). This drug helps reduce acid in your dog’s stomach and can help heal ulcers.
• H₂ Blockers. These also reduce stomach acid but work more immediately and in different ways compared to PPIs.
• Sucralfate. This drug comes in pill form and is made into a liquid slurry and then given to your dog by mouth. It acts as a bandage for the ulcer while enhancing the healing process. It is given 1 hour before a meal or 2 hours after a meal. While this drug might be messy and inconvenient, it’s a very important part of healing ulcers.
• Antibiotics. If your veterinarian suspects that there is a bacterial cause or component to your dog’s ulcers, they may add 1 to 2 antibiotics to aid in healing.

While it may feel like these are a lot of medications to administer, using all the prescribed medications for the entire duration of your dog’s treatment plan is important to heal the ulcer completely. If you are struggling to get your dog to take medications, reach out to your veterinarian for support. There may be simple adjustments that can be made to help ease the medication administration process.

Why is my dog throwing up red vomit?

If you see red in your dog’s vomit, it’s important to notice the amount of red material. If the vomit is laced with small amounts of bright red looking liquid, this is most likely due to small blood vessels breaking in the esophagus or back of the throat. This is because vomiting can be traumatic to the tissues and can cause ruptures in these small blood vessels. Seeing this once or twice is nothing to be worried about.

Regular vomiting with red blood or vomiting large amounts of blood is alarming. When in doubt, snap a picture and text or email your veterinarian. Your veterinarian can help to determine if medical care is needed.

When to call your veterinarian when your dog is throwing up

It may be difficult to know when you should call or see your veterinarian. Here is a list of red flags:

• Black coffee grounds appearance of vomit
• Regular bright red blood in vomit
• Large amounts of blood in vomit
• Uncontrolled vomiting
• Vomiting accompanied by diarrhea
• Dullness and lethargy

If you see your dog vomit a strange color including black or red, consider what they might have consumed before you panic. Here is a list of things besides blood that could create these colors:

• Some fruits. Blueberries, blackberries, strawberries and raspberries.
• This warrants a trip to the veterinarian for other reasons!
• Chocolate cake. Like coffee, if your dog eats chocolate cake give your veterinarian a call.
• Food coloring.
• Crayons, markers and pens. While crayons are usually digestible, the casing of pens and markers can be problematic. Consult with your veterinarian about the best plan to monitor your dog for the next 2 to 3 days should this happen.

Whether your pup’s black or dark red vomit is an emergency or not, it can be stressful and scary! It may feel hard to stay calm and think clearly. Be sure that you have established a relationship with a veterinarian while your dog is well, so as to better facilitate a plan if and when your dog becomes emergently sick. If you are ever in doubt as to whether your dog’s vomiting is benign or something more serious, I always support reaching out to your dedicated veterinary support team! Take pictures of the vomit, keep a log of how often, and for how long, it’s been happening. If you’re still concerned or confused, asking more questions is always right. After all, you are your dog’s best and most important advocate!

If your dog suddenly starts spinning around, chasing and even biting his own tail, you likely wonder why. There are several possible reasons why your dog is chasing or biting his tail, some behavioral and others medical.

According to California-based dog trainer Ash Miner, a certified trick dog instructor (CTDI) working on a master’s degree in animal behavior, it could simply be a game.

Ash says this is a game dogs usually invent out of boredom. She says because they have poor hind-end awareness, many dogs don’t even realize that they have a tail until they happen upon it visually.

Why is my dog biting his tail?

From a human’s standpoint, it may seem odd to see a dog chasing, then biting, his own tail. But dogs can get caught up in the moment — even if it hurts.

Ash says when dogs bite their tail while playing — or for other reasons — it can most definitely hurt. However, when they’re that excited, the pain may not register fully until later on.

But playing when bored is just one possible reason your dog is chasing and biting his tail.

A dog’s age could also have something to do with it. Puppies may be more apt to bite and chase their tails because they’re unaware that it is actually attached to them. It becomes a game for them. But Ash says it could develop into something else, so it’s not a healthy game to encourage. She says she always tells her clients to interrupt the game and redirect the activity to an appropriate toy instead.

Other reasons for tail-chasing and tail-biting may include:

Should I worry if my dog is biting his tail?

Ash says what starts out as a game can become a neurological disorder like obsessive-compulsive disorder, aka canine compulsive disorder. She says this disorder is common with dogs in shelter-kennel situations because they have virtually no individualized stimulation, but are very excited by the environment around them.

The targets of the OCD behavior can include laser pointers, reflected light, shadows, balls and their own tails, among other things.

She draws a distinction between a dog with canine compulsive disorder vs. a very high-drive dog. The deciding factor is whether or not the dog can give up on the target item. If the dog is unable to stop himself, even with some training, it is no longer a healthy drive. Whether or not the disorder can be resolved depends on a few things:

• If the pet parent is consistent with a management plan and ongoing training to keep the dog from practicing the behavior
• If the dog can receive adequate, alternative forms of exercise and stimulation he enjoys just as much, but in an appropriate way
• If the dog’s environment can be modified so the dog can’t practice his compulsive behavior.

If the dog has developed OCD and won’t stop chasing or biting his tail, Ash works on a default leave-it cue with his own tail.

Is it OK for my dog to chase his tail?

The simple answer as to why dogs chase or bite their tails is relieving some boredom. But if left unchecked, the behavior may develop into something more serious. It can also potentially be a sign of a medical condition.

Ash says some warning signs to look out for include:

• Your dog starts chasing or biting his tail suddenly and for no obvious reason like boredom
• He doesn’t stop after a few seconds
• He only chases in one direction
• He bites so hard that his tail bleeds.

However, tail-chasing or tail-biting are fairly normal when it’s brief, easily interrupted and redirected and the bites are soft. If you are concerned with your dog’s behavior, consult a certified dog trainer, animal behaviorist and/or veterinarian.